|
Ahmadiyya (; officially, the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=History of the Ahmadiyya Community )〕 or the Ahmadiyya Muslim Jama'at; (アラビア語:الجماعة الإسلامية الأحمدية), transliterated: (unicode:''al-Jamā'ah al-Islāmiyyah al-Aḥmadiyyah''); (ウルドゥー語:احمدیہ مسلم جماعت)) is an Islamic religious movement founded in British India near the end of the 19th century. It originated with the life and teachings of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (1835–1908), who claimed to have fulfilled the prophecies of the world's reformer during the end times, who was to herald the eschaton as predicted in the traditions of various world religions and bring about, by peaceful means, the final triumph of Islam as per Islamic prophecy. He claimed that he was the Mujaddid (divine reformer) of the 14th Islamic century, the promised Messiah and Mahdi awaited by Muslims. The adherents of the Ahmadiyya movement are referred to as Ahmadi Muslims or simply Ahmadis. Ahmadi thought emphasizes the belief that Islam is the final dispensation for humanity as revealed to Muhammad and the necessity of restoring to it its true essence and pristine form, which had been lost through the centuries. Ahmadiyya adherents believe that Ahmad appeared in the likeness of Jesus, to end religious wars, condemn bloodshed and reinstitute morality, justice, and peace. They believe that upon divine guidance he divested Islam of fanatical and innovative beliefs and practices by championing what is, in their view, Islam’s true and essential teachings as practised by Muhammad and the early Islamic community. Thus, Ahmadis view themselves as leading the revival and peaceful propagation of Islam. Mirza Ghulam Ahmad founded the movement on 23 March 1889 and termed it the ''Ahmadiyya Muslim Jama'at,'' sometimes translated as ''Ahmadiyya Muslim Community''. Since his death, the community has been led by a number of Caliphs and has expanded to over 200 countries and territories of the world. The Ahmadis were among the earliest Muslim communities to arrive in Britain and other Western countries.〔 Currently, the community is led by its Caliph, Mirza Masroor Ahmad, and is officially estimated to number between 10 and 20 million worldwide. The population is almost entirely contained in the single, highly organized and united movement. In this sense there is only one ''major'' branch. However, in the early history of the community, a number of Ahmadis broke away over the nature of Ahmad's prophethood and succession and formed the Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement which today represents a small fraction of all Ahmadis. Some Ahmadiyya-specific beliefs have been thought of as opposed to contemporary mainstream Islamic thought since the movement's birth, and some Ahmadis have subsequently faced persecution.〔〔〔 Many orthodox Muslims consider the Ahmadiyya either ''kafirs'' or heretics. ==Origin of name== The Ahmadiyya movement was founded in 1889, but the name Ahmadiyya was not adopted until about a decade later. In a manifesto dated 4 November 1900, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad explained that the name did not refer to himself but to Ahmad, the alternative name of Muhammad. According to him, "Muhammad", which means "the most praised one", refers to the glorious destiny, majesty and power of the prophet, who adopted the name from about the time of the Hegira; but "Ahmad", an Arabic elative form which means "highly praised" and also "comforter", stands for the beauty of his sermons, for the qualities of tenderness, gentleness, humility, love and mercy displayed by Muhammad, and for the peace that he was destined to establish in the world through his teachings. According to Ahmad, these names thus refer to two aspects or phases of Islam, and in later times it was the latter aspect that commanded greater attention.〔Mirza Ghulam Ahmad: ''Tabligh-i-Risalat'', Vol. IX, pp.90–91; Maulana Murtaza Khan: ''(The Name Ahmadiyya and Its Necessity )'', 1945.〕 The myriad distinguishing names adopted by various sects and schools of thought in Islam, he thus considered as innovations, for the Prophet of Islam had only these two names.〔(The Essence of Islam, Vol. IV )〕 Accordingly, in Ahmad's view, this was the reason that the Old Testament prophesied a Messenger "like unto Moses", which referred to Mohammad, while according to the Quran, Jesus foretold a messenger named Ahmad. Ahmad also called it the Ahmadiyya madhab (school of thought within Islam): 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ahmadiyya」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|